The full text of the historic treaty on Gibraltar is now available for public consultation, ushering in a new era of coexistence, stability and shared prosperity for the Campo de Gibraltar, Andalusia, Spain and Europe as a whole.
On 11 June 2025, Minister José Manuel Albares announced the final political agreement on Gibraltar after successfully concluding negotiations in Brussels with European Commissioner Maros Sefcovic and British Minister David Lammy. The final text of the treaty published today establishes a comprehensive legal framework that promotes economic development, strengthens social guarantees and consolidates cooperation between the parties, while Spain maintains its claim to sovereignty intact.
End of border fence and free movement of persons
The treaty provides for the disappearance of the border fence, removing the last wall in continental Europe. It establishes the free movement of persons between the Campo de Gibraltar and Gibraltar, which will particularly benefit the nearly 15,000 cross-border workers who cross daily.
There will be no passport controls between the two territories. Spain will assume Schengen controls at Gibraltar airport and port. Likewise, the Spanish authorities will have the final say on the issuance and renewal of residence permits.
Free movement of goods
The treaty regulates the movement of goods through a system of harmonised controls:
- Spain will carry out customs controls on goods entering Gibraltar.
- Luggage checks will be established for travellers bound for the European Union and Gibraltar, ensuring security and compliance with EU regulations.
Fiscal convergence
The agreement incorporates convergence measures in the area of indirect taxation on goods. Gibraltar will apply an indirect tax equivalent to VAT, starting at 15% from the entry into force of the treaty and completing convergence within three years. In addition, specific provisions are established for tobacco in accordance with European regulations. These measures seek to avoid economic distortions and reinforce fairness throughout the area.
Environment
The text provides for adaptation to EU environmental legislation and the creation of a joint environmental impact assessment mechanism. It also guarantees compliance with European standards in this area, strengthening the protection of the shared natural environment.
Social guarantees and enforcement mechanisms
The treaty incorporates guarantees aimed at ensuring balanced and fair development. To this end, it establishes the creation of a financial mechanism for training for employment and other social measures to compensate for income inequalities, the strengthening of coordination in the field of social security, and specific protection measures for cross-border workers.
Spain will play a central role in the implementation of the Agreement, including the initiative to suspend its application, apply safeguards or terminate the agreement.
Furthermore, Spain fully maintains its position on sovereignty, as expressly stated in the text of the agreement.
A new era for the Campo de Gibraltar
This treaty opens a new era for the more than 300,000 Andalusians living in the Campo de Gibraltar, promoting economic opportunities, institutional stability and future prospects in a region that is strategic for Spain and Europe. The agreement is a decisive step towards a shared space of prosperity, cooperation and trust, consolidating a model of relations that prioritises the well-being of citizens and regional stability.
Minister Albares sent the text on Thursday to the chairpersons of the Foreign Affairs committees of the Congress and Senate, the mayors of Campo de Gibraltar, the Regional Government of Andalusia, and social and economic actors in the area, with whom he has met on several occasions to explain both the negotiations and the conclusion of the agreement. Similarly, as he did in 2025, he has requested to appear before Congress to explain the treaty once again.
Related documentation
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