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The 3rd Africa Plan, approved in March 2019, is the strategic framework that guides Spain’s relations with the continent of Africa. Under the premise of “Spain and Africa: challenge and opportunity”, it advocates a new rapprochement with Africa based on shared interests and a broad consensus among the main Spanish parties operating on the continent. The 3rd Africa Plan defines four strategic goals: 1. Peace and security, 2. Inclusive and resilient economic growth, 3. Institutional strength, 4. Orderly, regular and safe mobility. In addition, it identifies five cross-cutting principles that will be adhered to in all actions: differentiation, association, multilateralism, human rights, and gender equality and unity of action.
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Mali's "multidimensional crisis" in 2012, alongside the general situation in the Sahel, has brought to light the existence of several, and serious challenges for Spain and the European Union. Among the threats, the expansion of radical jihadi terrorist groups, as well as criminal networks dedicated to all types of illegal trafficking, including people trafficking are those that stand out. The challenges include a raised demographic growth, particularly adverse weather conditions and a very serious humanitarian situation in some areas
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West Africa is one of the priority areas for Spanish foreign policy. The region includes Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. With the exception of Mauritania, all these countries make up the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the region's main integration organization
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This area encompasses Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. In its widest sense it could also include Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan and Uganda. It is a particularly interesting geopolitical and geo-strategic region for the international community. A significant amount of international trade passes through its waters. Various countries in the Horn of Africa suffer from a marked political, social and economic instability that has caused conflicts that are still under way in countries such as South Sudan, Somalia and Sudan. In addition to the violence, under-development and drought continue to plague the region
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Ever since its independence, Africa has aspired to have regional integration. These integration processes have multiplied with the continent's attempt to overcome common problems and to economically progress together. Spain has a particularly close relationship with the African Union and with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
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